|
To understand how botanical names are applied, it is necessary briefly to describe how plants are classified, since the units into which they are separated determine the structure of names.
The basic unit of plant classification is the species which can be defined as a group of interbreeding individuals producing more-or-less similar offspring and differing from other similar groups by a number of key characters.
Species which share a number of significant features are grouped together to form a genus. The characteristics of a genus are often quite easy to recognize, making this perhaps the most generally useful level at which plants can be identified for practical purposes. It is common for a plant to be referred to as, for instance, Malva sp., the sp. being an abbreviation of species and indicating an unidentified species of a particular genus. Genera can vary in size from a single species to over a thousand, depending on their distinctive characteristics.
Genera are grouped into larger entities called families. Although families may appear at first to be of only academic interest, knowledge of the family to which an unknown plant belongs can give an indication of the conditions required for successful cultivation.
| Family |
|
Genus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Acoraceae |
|
Acorus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Actinidiaceae |
|
Actinidia, Clematoclethra |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Adianthaceae |
|
Adiantum, Cheilanthes, Cryptogramma, Doryopteris, Mildella, Pellaea |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Agavaceae |
|
Agave, Beschorneria, Cordyline, Furcraea, Hesperaloe, Yucca |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Aizoaceae |
|
Aptenia, Carpobrotus, Chasmatophyllum, Delosperma, Lampranthus, Malephora, Mesembryanthemum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Alismataceae |
|
Alisma, Baldellia, Echinodorus, Luronium, Sagittaria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Alliaceae |
|
Agapanthus, Allium, Nectaroscordum, Nothoscordum, Triteleia, Tulbaghia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Aloaceae |
|
Aloe |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Alstroemeriaceae |
|
Alstroemeria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Amaryllidaceae |
|
Clivia, Crinum, Habranthus, Hymenocallis, Leucojum, Lycoris, Zephyranthes |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Apiaceae |
|
Aciphylla, Aegopodium, Ammi, Anethum, Angelica, Anthriscus, Apium, Astrantia, Athamanta, Azorella, Berula, Bolax, Bunium, Bupleurum, Carum, Centella, Chaerophyllum, Cicuta, Crithmum, Cryptotaenia, Eryngium, Ferula, Foeniculum, Hacquetia, Heracleum, Hydrocotyle, Laserpitium, Levisticum, Ligusticum, Lomatium, Meum, Myrrhis, Oenanthe, Olymposciadium, Osmorhiza, Pastinaca, Petroselinum, Peucedanum, Pimpinella, Sanicula, Saposhnikovia, Selinum, Seseli, Sium, Smyrnium, Zizia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Apocynaceae |
|
Adenium, Allamanda, Amsonia, Apocynum, Beaumontia, Carissa, Catharanthus, Dipladenia, Elytropus, Mandevilla, Nerium, Pachypodium, Plumeria, Rhazya, Strophanthus, Tabernaemontana, Thevetia, Trachelospermum, Vinca |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Aquifoliaceae |
|
Ilex |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Araceae |
|
Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Arisarum, Arum, Calla, Colocasia, Dracunculus, Lysichiton, Monstera, Orontium, Peltandra, Philodendron, Pinellia, Pistia, Sauromatum, Symplocarpus, Zantedeschia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Araliaceae |
|
Acanthopanax, Aralia, Brassaia, Cussonia, Dendropanax, Eleutherococcus, Fatshedera, Fatsia, Hedera, Kalopanax, Meryta, Nothopanax, Oplopanax, Panax, Pseudopanax, Schefflera, Tetrapanax |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Araucariaceae |
|
Araucaria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Arecaceae |
|
Archontophoenix, Arecastrum, Brahea, Butia, Caryota, Chamaerops, Cocos, Copernicia, Erythea, Howea, Juania, Jubaea, Kentia, Livistona, Phoenix, Ptychosperma, Rhapidophyllum, Rhapis, Rhopalostylis, Roystonea, Sabal, Syagrus, Trachycarpus, Trithrinax, Washingtonia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Aristolochiaceae |
|
Aristolochia, Asarum, Hexastylis, Saruma |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Asclepiadaceae |
|
Araujia, Asclepias, Cionura, Dregea, Gomphocarpus, Hoya, Oxypetalum, Periploca, Stephanotis, Tweedia, Vincetoxicum, Wattakaka |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Asparagaceae |
|
Asparagus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Asphodelaceae |
|
Asphodeline, Asphodelus, Bulbinella, Eremurus, Kniphofia, Paradisea, Tritoma |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Aspleniaceae |
|
Asplenium, Ceterach, Phyllitis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Asteraceae |
|
Achillea, Actinella, Adenostyles, Agathea, Ageratina, Agoseris, Ajania, Ajanthemum, Amberboa, Ammobium, Anacyclus, Anaphalis, Andryala, Antennaria, Anthemis, Aposeris, Arctanthemum, Arctotheca, Argyranthemum, Arnica, Arnoglossum, Artemisia, Aster, Asteriscus, Asteromoea, Atractylodes, Baccharis, Balsamorhiza, Bartlettina, Bellis, Bellium, Berardia, Berlandiera, Bidens, Boltonia, Brachycome, Brachyglottis, Brachyscome, Bracteantha, Buphthalmum, Cacalia, Calendula, Calimeris, Calocephalus, Carduncellus, Carlina, Cassinia, Catananche, Celmisia, Centaurea, Chamaemelum, Chartolepis, Chiliotrichum, Chlorophytum, Chrysanthemopsis, Chrysanthemum, Chrysogonum, Chrysopsis, Cicerbita, Cichorium, Cirsium, Cnicus, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Cotula, Craspedia, Cremanthodium, Crepis, Cynara, Dasyphyllum, Dendranthema, Dimorphoteca, Diuranthera, Doronicum, Echinacea, Echinops, Encelia, Erigeron, Eriocephalus, Eriophyllum, Eupatorium, Euryops, Euthamia, Ewartia, Farfugium, Felicia, Gaillardia, Gazania, Grindelia, Gymnasta, Haplocarpha, Haplopappus, Helenium, Helianthella, Helianthus, Helichrysum, Heliopsis, Hertia, Heterotheca, Hieracium, Hippolytia, Homogyne, Hymenoxys, Hypochaeris, Inula, Ixeris, Jurinea, Kalimeris, Kleinia, Krigia, Lactuca, Lasallea, Leibnitzia, Leontodon, Leontopodium, Leptinella, Leucanthemella, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Leucogenes, Leucophyta, Leucoraoulia, Leuzea, Liatris, Ligularia, Marshallia, Matricaria, Microderis, Microglossa, Microseris, Mutisia, Nipponanthemum, Olearia, Onopordum, Osteospermum, Othonna, Othonnopsis, Ozothamnus, Packera, Parthenium, Petasites, Pilosella, Plecostachys, Prenanthes, Pseudogynoxys, Raoulia, Ratibida, Rhaponticum, Rhodanthemum, Rudbeckia, Santolina, Saussurea, Senecio, Seriphidium, Serratula, Silphium, Solidago, Solidaster, Sonchus, Stevia, Stokesia, Syneilesis, Tanacetum, Telanthophora, Telekia, Tephroseris, Thelosperma, Townsendia, Tragopogon, Tripleurospermum, Tussilago, Verbesina, Vernonia, Wedelia, Xerochrysum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Azollaceae |
|
Azolla |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Balsaminaceae |
|
Impatiens |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Begoniaceae |
|
Begonia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Berberidaceae |
|
Achlys, Berberis, Caulophyllum, Diphylleia, Epimedium, Jeffersonia, Leontice, Mahoberberis, Mahonia, Nandina, Plagiorhegma, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Vancouveria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Betulaceae |
|
Alnus, Betula |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Bignoniaceae |
|
Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Campsis, Catalpa, Chilopsis, Chitalpa, Clytostoma, Distictis, Doxantha, Eccremocarpus, Incarvillea, Jacaranda, Macfadyena, Pandorea, Phaedranthus, Podranea, Pyrostegia, Tecoma, Tecomaria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Blechnaceae |
|
Blechnum, Woodwardia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Boraginaceae |
|
Adelocaryum, Anchusa, Arnebia, Borago, Brunnera, Buglossoides, Cerinthe, Cynoglossum, Echium, Ehretia, Eritrichium, Heliotropium, Lindelofia, Lithodora, Lithospermum, Mertensia, Moltkia, Myosotis, Omphalodes, Onosma, Pentaglottis, Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Trachystemon |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Brassicaceae |
|
Aethionema, Alyssoides, Alyssum, Arabis, Armoracia, Aubrieta, Aurinia, Barbarea, Biscutella, Brassica, Cakile, Cardamine, Cheiranthus, Cochlearia, Crambe, Degenia, Dentaria, Draba, Erysimum, Eunomia, Fibigia, Hesperis, Hugueninia, Hutchinsia, Iberis, Isatis, Kernera, Lepidium, Lobularia, Lunaria, Matthiola, Morisia, Nasturtium, Pachyphragma, Petrocallis, Ptilotrichum, Rorippa, Schivereckia, Sisymbrium, Thlaspi, Vella |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Butomaceae |
|
Butomus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Buxaceae |
|
Buxus, Pachysandra, Sarcococca, Simmondsia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Caesalpiniaceae |
|
Afzelia, Bauhinia, Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Cercis, Gleditsia, Gymnocladus, Parkinsonia, Senna |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Callitrichaceae |
|
Callitriche |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Campanulaceae |
|
Adenophora, Asyneuma, Azorina, Campanla, Campanula, Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Downingia, Edraianthus, Hypsela, Isotoma, Jasione, Laurentia, Lobelia, Physoplexis, Phyteuma, Platycodon, Pratia, Symphyandra, Trachelium, Wahlenbergia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Cannabaceae |
|
Humulus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Cannaceae |
|
Canna |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Caryophyllaceae |
|
Agrostemma, Arenaria, Cerastium, Colobanthus, Coronaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Herniaria, Lychnis, Melandrium, Minuartia, Moehringia, Paronychia, Petrocoptis, Petrorhagia, Sagina, Saponaria, Scleranthus, Silene, Stellaria, Tunica, Viscaria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Celastraceae |
|
Catha, Celastrus, Euonymus, Maytenus, Pachistima, Paxistima, Tripterygium |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Cistaceae |
|
Cistus, Fumana, Halimiocistus, Halimium, Helianthemum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Clusiaceae |
|
Hypericum, Triadenum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Colchicaceae |
|
Colchicum, Sandersonia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Commelinaceae |
|
Callisia, Commelina, Setcreasea, Tradescantia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Convallariaceae |
|
Aspidistra, Clintonia, Convallaria, Disporopsis, Disporum, Liriope, Maianthemum, Ophiopogon, Polygonatum, Reineckea, Rohdea, Smilacina, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tupistra, Uvularia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Convolvulaceae |
|
Calystegia, Convolvulus, Evolvulus, Ipomoea |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Cornaceae |
|
Camptotheca, Cornus, Davidia, Nyssa |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Crassulaceae |
|
Aeonium, Chiastophyllum, Cotyledon, Crassula, Hylotelephium, Jovibarba, Kalanchoe, Orostachys, Prometheum, Rhodiola, Rosularia, Sedum, Sempervivella, Sempervivum, Umbilicus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Cyperaceae |
|
Baumea, Bolboschoenus, Carex, Cladium, Cyperus, Dichromena, Dulichium, Eleocharis, Eriophorum, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, Scirpoides, Scirpus, Uncinia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Dipsacaceae |
|
Cephalaria, Dipsacus, Knautia, Pterocephalus, Scabiosa, Succisa, Succisella |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Dracaenaceae |
|
Beaucarnea, Dasylirion, Dracaena, Nolina |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Dryopteridaceae |
|
Arachniodes, Aspidium, Currania, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Polystichum, Struthiopteris |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Epacridaceae |
|
Epacris, Leucopogon |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Equisetaceae |
|
Equisetum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Ericaceae |
|
Agapetes, Andromeda, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Arctous, Azalea, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Cassiope, Chamaedaphne, Chimaphila, Chiogenes, Daboecia, Elliottia, Enkianthus, Epigaea, Erica, Gaulnettya, Gaultheria, Gaylussacia, Harrimanella, Kalmia, Kalmiopsis, Ledodendron, Ledum, Leiophyllum, Leucothoe, Loiseleuria, Lyonia, Menziesia, Orphanidesia, Oxycoccus, Oxydendrum, Pentapterygium, Pernettya, Phylliopsis, Phyllodoce, Phyllothamnus, Pieris, Rhododendron, Rhodothamnus, Tripetaleia, Tsusiophyllum, Vaccinium, Zenobia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Euphorbiaceae |
|
Acalypha, Aleurites, Andrachne, Bischofia, Dalechampia, Euphorbia, Mallotus, Mercurialis, Phyllanthus, Ricinus, Sapium, Securinega |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Eupteleaceae |
|
Euptelea |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Fabaceae |
|
Adenocarpus, Amorpha, Anagyris, Anthyllis, Apios, Argyrocytisus, Astragalus, Baptisia, Calophaca, Campylotropis, Caragana, Carmichaelia, Castanospermum, Chamaecytisus, Chordospartium, Cladrastis, Clianthus, Colutea, Coronilla, Cytisophyllum, Cytisus, Dalea, Daubentonia, Desmodium, Dorycnium, Dumasia, Echinospartium, Erinacea, Erythrina, Galega, Genista, Geoffroea, Glycyrrhiza, Goodia, Halimodendron, Hardenbergia, Hedysarum, Hippocrepis, Indigofera, Kennedia, Laburnocytisus, Laburnum, Lathyrus, Lembotropis, Lespedeza, Lotus, Lupinus, Maackia, Medicago, Millettia, Notospartium, Onobrychis, Ononis, Oxytropis, Parochetus, Petalostemon, Petteria, Phaseolus, Piptanthus, Podalyria, Pueraria, Retama, Robinia, Sarothamnus, Securigera, Sesbania, Sophora, Spartium, Spartocytisus, Sutherlandia, Templetonia, Tetragonolobus, Thermopsis, Tipuana, Trifolium, Ulex, Vicia, Vigna, Viminaria, Virgilia, Wisteria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Gentianaceae |
|
Centaurium, Gentiana, Sabatia, Swertia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Geraniaceae |
|
Erodium, Geranium, Pelargonium |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Ginkgoaceae |
|
Ginkgo |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Gunneraceae |
|
Gunnera |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Haloragaceae |
|
Haloragis, Myriophyllum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Hamamelidaceae |
|
Altingia, Corylopsis, Disanthus, Distylium, Fortunearia, Fothergilla, Hamamelis, Liquidambar, Loropetalum, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis, Sinowilsonia, Sycoparrotia, Sycopsis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Hemerocallidaceae |
|
Hemerocallis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Hostaceae |
|
Hosta |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Hyacinthaceae |
|
Albuca, Bellevalia, Camassia, Chionodoxa, Eucomis, Galtonia, Muscari, Ornithogalum, Puschkinia, Scilla |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Hydrocharitaceae |
|
Egeria, Elodea, Hydrocharis, Lagarosiphon, Stratiotes, Vallisneria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Iridaceae |
|
Belamcanda, Crocosmia, Dierama, Diplarrhena, Gladiolus, Hesperantha, Iris, Libertia, Montbretia, Pardancanda, Pardanthopsis, Schizostylis, Sisyrinchium |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Juncaceae |
|
Juncus, Luzula |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Lamiaceae |
|
Acinos, Agastache, Ajuga, Ballota, Betonica, Blephilia, Calamintha, Cedronella, Chelonopsis, Clinopodium, Collinsonia, Colquhounia, Conradina, Cunila, Dracephalum, Dracocephalum, Elsholtzia, Galeobdolon, Glechoma, Horminum, Hyssopus, Keiskea, Lamiastrum, Lamium, Lavandula, Leonotis, Leonurus, Lycopus, Majorana, Marrubium, Meehania, Melissa, Melittis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Monardella, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Perovskia, Phlomis, Physostegia, Plectranthus, Preslia, Prostanthera, Prunella, Pycnanthemum, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Schizonepeta, Scutellaria, Stachys, Teucrium, Thymus, Westringia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Lauraceae |
|
Cinnamomum, Laurus, Lindera, Neolitsea, Persea, Phoebe, Sassafras, Umbellularia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Liliaceae |
|
Cardiocrinum, Erythronium, Fritillaria, Lilium, Lloydia, Nomocharis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Linaceae |
|
Linum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Lythraceae |
|
Cuphea, Decodon, Heimia, Lagerstroemia, Lythrum, Punica |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Magnoliaceae |
|
Liriodendron, Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Malvaceae |
|
Abutilon, Alcea, Althaea, Alyogyne, Anisodontea, Callirhoe, Hibiscus, Hoheria, Iliamna, Kitaibela, Kosteletzkya, Lagunaria, Lavatera, Malva, Malvastrum, Malvaviscus, Napaea, Pavonia, Phymosia, Plagianthus, Sida, Sidalcea, Sphaeralcea |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Melanthiaceae |
|
Heloniopsis, Melanthium, Tofieldia, Veratrum, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Menyanthaceae |
|
Menyanthes, Nymphoides, Villarsia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Mimosaceae |
|
Acacia, Albizia, Calliandra, Desmanthus, Inga, Leucaena, Paraserianthes, Prosopis, Schrankia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Moraceae |
|
Broussonetia, Cudrania, Ficus, Maclura, Morus |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Musaceae |
|
Ensete, Musa |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Myrsinaceae |
|
Ardisia, Myrsine |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Myrtaceae |
|
Acca, Agonis, Amomyrtus, Angophora, Baeckea, Blepharocalyx, Callistemon, Chamelaucium, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Feijoa, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Lophomyrtus, Lophostemon, Luma, Melaleuca, Metrosideros, Myrtus, Psidium, Syncarpia, Syzygium, Tristania, Tristaniopsis, Ugni |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Nyctaginaceae |
|
Bougainvillea, Mirabilis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Nymphaeaceae |
|
Nuphar, Nymphaea |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Onagraceae |
|
Calylophus, Chamaenerion, Chamerion, Circaea, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Jussiaea, Ludwigia, Oenothera, Zauschneria |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Orchidaceae |
|
Amitostigma, Bletia, Bletilla, Calanthe, Calopogon, Cremastra, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis, Goodyera, Habenaria, Ophrys, Orchis, Pecteilis, Pleione, Spiranthes |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Osmundaceae |
|
Osmunda |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Oxalidaceae |
|
Oxalis |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Paeoniaceae |
|
Paeonia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Papaveraceae |
|
Adlumia, Bocconia, Chelidonium, Corydalis, Dendromecon, Dicentra, Dicranostigma, Eomecon, Glaucium, Hylomecon, Macleaya, Meconopsis, Papaver, Romneya, Sanguinaria, Stylophorum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Phytolaccaceae |
|
Ercilla, Phytolacca |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Piperaceae |
|
Piper |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Plantaginaceae |
|
Littorella, Plantago |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Plumbaginaceae |
|
Acantholimon, Armeria, Ceratostigma, Goniolimon, Limoniastrum, Limonium, Plumbago, Statice |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Poaceae |
|
Achnatherum, Agropyron, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Ammophila, Ampelodesmos, Andropogon, Anthoxanthum, Arrhenatherum, Arundinaria, Arundo, Asperella, Avena, Avenella, Avenula, Bambusa, Bashania, Bonia, Bouteloua, Brachypodium, Brachystachyum, Briza, Bromus, Buchloe, Calamagrostis, Cenchrus, Chasmanthium, Chimobambusa, Chimonobambusa, Chondrosum, Chrysopogon, Chusquea, Cinna, Cortaderia, Corynephorus, Cymbopogon, Dactylis, Dendrocalamus, Deschampsia, Diarrhena, Drepanostachyum, Eleymus, Elymus, Eragrostis, Erianthus, Fargesia, Festuca, Glyceria, Gynerium, Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Hibanobambusa, Hierochloe, Himalayacalamus, Holcus, Hordeum, Hygroryza, Hyparrhenia, Hystrix, Imperata, Indocalamus, Koeleria, Leersia, Leymus, Lygeum, Melica, Melinus, Milium, Miscanthus, Molinia, Muhlenbergia, Oryzopsis, Panicum, Pennisetum, Phalaris, Phragmites, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Poa, Pseudosasa, Qiongzhuea, Rhynchelytrum, Saccharum, Sasa, Sasaella, Schizachyrium, Semiarundinaria, Sesleria, Shibataea, Sinarundinaria, Sinobambusa, Sitanon, Sorghastrum, Spartina, Sphenopholis, Spodiopogon, Sporobolus, Stipa, Thamnocalamus, Themeda, Tridens, Tripsacum, Uniola, Yushania, Zizania, Zoysia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Polemoniaceae |
|
Cantua, Ipomopsis, Phlox, Polemonium |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Polygalaceae |
|
Polygala |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Polygonaceae |
|
Aconogonon, Antigonon, Eriogonum, Fallopia, Homalocladium, Muehlenbeckia, Oxyria, Persicaria, Polygonum, Reynoutria, Rheum, Rumex, Tovara |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Polypodiaceae |
|
Lepisorus, Polypodium, Pyrrosia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Pontederiaceae |
|
Eichhornia, Pontederia |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Portulacaceae |
|
Calandrinia, Claytonia, Crunocallis, Lewisia, Montia, Neopaxia, Talinum |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Potamogetonaceae |
|
Groenlandia, Potamogeton |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Primulaceae |
|
Anagallis, Androsace, Coris, Cortusa, Cyclamen, Dionysia, Dodecatheon, Douglasia, Hottonia, Lysimachia, Primula, Soldanella, Trientalis, Vitaliana |
| --------------- |
|
---------------------------------------- |
| Ranunculaceae |
|
Aconitum, Actaea, Adonis, Anemone, Anemonella, Anemonopsis, Aquilegia, Callianthemum, Caltha, Cimicifuga, Clematis, Coptis, Delphinium, Eranthis, Ficaria, Helleborus, Hepatica, Hydrastis, Isopyrum, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, Semiaquilegia, Thalictrum, Trollius, Xanthorhiza |
| --------------- |
|
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| Resedaceae |
|
Reseda |
| --------------- |
|
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| Rosaceae |
|
Acaena, Agrimonia, Alchemilla, Amelanchier, Amelasorbus, Aronia, Aruncus, Cercocarpus, Chaenomeles, Comarum, Cotoneaster, Cowania, Crataegomespilus, Crataegus, Crataemespilus, Cyathodes, Cydonia, Dryas, Duchesnea, Eriobotrya, Eriolobus, Exochorda, Fallugia, Filipendula, Fragaria, Geum, Gillenia, Heteromeles, Holodiscus, Kerria, Leucopogon, Luetkea, Lyonothamnus, Maddenia, Malosorbus, Malus, Margyricarpus, Mespilus, Neillia, Neviusia, Oemleria, Osmaronia, Osteomeles, Petrophytum, Photinia, Physocarpus, Polylepis, Porteranthus, Potentilla, Poterium, Pourthiaea, Prinsepia, Prunus, Pseudocydonia, Purshia, Pyracantha, Pyracomeles, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Rhodotypos, Rosa, Rubus, Sanguisorba, Sarcopoterium, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldiopsis, Sibiraea, Sieversia, Sorbaria, Sorbaronia, Sorbocotoneaster, Sorbus, Spiraea, Stephanandra, Stranvaesia, Stranvinia, Waldsteinia |
| --------------- |
|
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| Rutaceae |
|
Acradenia, Boenninghausenia, Boronia, Calodendrum, Choisya, Citrofortunella, Citroncirus, Citrus, Coleonema, Correa, Crowea, Dictamnus, Diosma, Eriostemon, Euodia, Fortunella, Murraya, Orixa, Phellodendron, Poncirus, Ptelea, Ruta, Skimmia, Tetradium, Xanthoxylum, Zanthoxylum |
| --------------- |
|
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| Salicaceae |
|
Populus, Salix |
| --------------- |
|
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| Saururaceae |
|
Houttuynia, Saururus |
| --------------- |
|
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| Saxifragaceae |
|
Aceriphyllum, Astilbe, Astilboides, Bergenia, Boykinia, Chrysosplenium, Darmera, Elmera, Francoa, Heuchera, Heucherella, Leptarrhena, Lithophragma, Mitella, Mukdenia, Peltiphyllum, Peltoboykinia, Rodgersia, Saxifraga, Tellima, Tiarella, Tolmiea |
| --------------- |
|
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| Scrophulariaceae |
|
Alonsoa, Angelonia, Antirrhinum, Asarina, Bacopa, Calceolaria, Castilleja, Celsia, Chaenorhinum, Chelone, Chionohebe, Collinsia, Cymbalaria, Derwentia, Diascia, Digitalis, Erinus, Freylinia, Gratiola, Hebe, Heliohebe, Isoplexis, Lagotis, Leucophyllum, Linaria, Lindernia, Lophospermum, Maurandya, Mazus, Mimulus, Nemesia, Nothochelone, Ourisia, Parahebe, Paulownia, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Phygelius, Pygmaea, Rehmannia, Rhodochiton, Russellia, Scrophularia, Sutera, Synthyris, Verbascum, Veronica, Veronicastrum, Wulfenia |
| --------------- |
|
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| Simaroubaceae |
|
Ailanthus, Picrasma |
| --------------- |
|
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| Smilacaceae |
|
Smilax |
| --------------- |
|
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| Solanaceae |
|
Acnistus, Atropa, Browallia, Brugmansia, Brunfelsia, Calibrachoa, Cestrum, Cyphomandra, Datura, Dunalia, Fabiana, Iochroma, Lycianthes, Lycium, Mandragora, Nierembergia, Physalis, Scopolia, Solandra, Solanum, Streptosolen, Vestia, Withania |
| --------------- |
|
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| Thelypteridaceae |
|
Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Thelypteris |
| --------------- |
|
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| Typhaceae |
|
Sparganium, Typha |
| --------------- |
|
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| Valerianaceae |
|
Centranthus, Patrinia, Valeriana |
| --------------- |
|
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| Verbenaceae |
|
Aloysia, Callicarpa, Caryopteris, Clerodendrum, Duranta, Giandularia, Lantana, Lippia, Phyla, Premna, Rhaphithamnus, Verbena, Vitex |
| --------------- |
|
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| Violaceae |
|
Hymenanthera, Melicytus, Viola |
| --------------- |
|
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| Vitaceae |
|
Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, Tetrastigma, Vitis |
| --------------- |
|
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| Woodsiaceae |
|
Athyrium, Cystopteris, Deparia, Gymnocarpium, Matteuccia, Onoclea, Woodsia |
| --------------- |
|
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| Zamiaceae |
|
Dioon, Encephalartos, Zamia |
| --------------- |
|
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| Zingiberaceae |
|
Amomum, Cautleya, Costus, Curcuma, Hedychium, Roscoea, Zingiber |
|